Coastal hazards & early warningLatest research
Mangrove monitoring needs a clear route to action.
The research in plain language
Our review examines how satellites, drones and field sensors can monitor interacting pressures on arid mangroves. The reviewed studies show progress in mapping and detecting ecological stress, but none combines observation, forecasting, uncertainty, verification, communication and institutional response in a complete early-warning service.
For policy and practice
Coastal managers can test locally relevant warning thresholds and agree who responds to an alert before expanding monitoring networks.
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